Got a deep well? A reliable pump is essential. This guide covers everything about deep well jet pumps—from how they function and the different types available to installation, maintenance, troubleshooting, and even a comparison with submersible pumps. Consider this your go-to resource for all things deep well jet pumps.
Understanding Deep Well Jet Pumps
Unlike submersible pumps located within the well, deep well jet pumps sit above ground, drawing water upwards. Let’s explore how these systems work.
How They Work
A deep well jet pump uses a jet assembly down in the well to create suction, much like a straw in a glass. This assembly, a type of venturi system, narrows the pipe to increase water flow speed, generating a pressure difference that pulls water to the surface—even from depths exceeding 25 feet. An impeller within the pump spins, creating centrifugal force to move the water. A diffuser then slows the water, converting velocity into pressure for delivery to your home.
Types of Deep Well Jet Pumps
For wells shallower than 25 feet, a single-pipe shallow well jet pump might suffice. Deeper wells likely require a two-pipe deep well jet pump. Within deep well pumps, there are single-stage and multi-stage models. Multi-stage pumps are generally better for very deep wells needing higher pressure.
Choosing the Right Pump
Selecting a pump depends on your well’s depth and household water needs. Consider how much water you use simultaneously (showers, laundry, irrigation) and the required pressure. These factors determine the necessary horsepower and flow rate (GPM). Manufacturers like Goulds, Flotec (Pentair), Myers, and Wayne, and organizations like the Water Systems Council offer valuable resources to guide your decision.
Installing Your Deep Well Jet Pump
While professional installation, especially for electrical connections, is recommended, understanding the process is beneficial. Key steps include:
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Planning: Choose an accessible, weather-protected location for your pump.
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Piping: Connect the pump to the well with appropriate pipes (size and material depend on your setup and local codes).
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Electrical: Wiring must adhere to local codes. Consult a qualified electrician for this crucial step.
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Priming: Fill the pump housing with water to create the initial suction.
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Testing: Check for leaks and ensure adequate water pressure.
Maintaining Your Deep Well Jet Pump
Regular maintenance prevents costly repairs. Deep skirting board won’t help your pump, but knowing how to troubleshoot will! Here are common issues:
Troubleshooting
- Low water pressure: A clogged filter, leaky pipes, or a malfunctioning pressure switch could be the culprit.
- Short cycling: This suggests a possible airlock, a faulty pressure switch, or a check valve problem.
- No water: This could indicate a loss of prime, a blown fuse, or a serious mechanical issue within the pump.
Jet Pumps vs. Submersible Pumps
Each pump type has pros and cons:
| Feature | Deep Well Jet Pump | Submersible Pump |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Above ground | In the well |
| Cost | Generally lower upfront cost | Typically higher upfront cost |
| Maintenance | Easier access for repairs | Requires pulling the pump from the well |
| Noise | Can be louder | Quieter operation |
| Efficiency | Slightly less energy-efficient | More energy-efficient |
| Depth Limitation | Up to about 80-100 feet (multi-stage) | Can handle much deeper wells |
A submersible pump is likely necessary for very deep wells or if noise is a concern. A jet pump might be suitable for shallower wells and tighter budgets.
The Future of Deep Well Jet Pumps
Off-grid living is driving continued interest in deep well jet pumps. Research and development focus on increased efficiency, durability, and reduced environmental impact. While basic principles remain, advancements continually improve performance and reliability.
Disclaimer: Always follow local codes and regulations. Consult qualified professionals for installation and major repairs. Safety first!
Maximum Depth for a Well Jet Pump
Well depth is crucial when choosing a pump.
Shallow Well Jet Pumps
Limited by suction (like a long straw), these pumps are typically effective up to about 25 feet. Beyond that, they struggle to lift the water column.
Deep Well Jet Pumps
These pumps utilize a jet assembly in the well to boost suction, reaching depths up to around 120 feet (sometimes less, depending on the model and conditions). Factors like pipe friction and jet assembly efficiency influence maximum depth.
Choosing the Right Pump
Consider your household’s water needs—number of appliances, irrigation, family size—alongside well depth. Consult manufacturer specifications for your specific pump model for accurate depth limits and performance characteristics.
Jet Pump vs. Deep Well (Submersible) Pump
Let’s clarify the difference between jet pumps and deep well submersible pumps.
How They Work
Jet pumps pull water using suction, while submersible pumps push water from below. Deep well jet pumps use a jet assembly in the well to enhance suction, whereas submersibles are fully submerged.
Key Differences
| Feature | Shallow Well Jet | Deep Well Jet | Submersible |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max. Depth | ~25 ft | ~120 ft | Hundreds of feet |
| Installation | Above Ground | Above Ground | In Well |
| Efficiency | Lower at depth | Lower at depth | Higher at depth |
| Noise | Higher | Higher | Lower |
| Initial Cost | Lower | Moderate | Higher |
| Maintenance | Easier | Moderate | More Complex |
Consult a local well professional for tailored recommendations.
Why Are Jet Pumps Being Phased Out?
Several factors contribute to the shift towards submersible pumps:
Efficiency
Jet pumps, especially in deeper wells, are less energy-efficient than submersibles. Pulling water requires more energy than pushing it.
Noise
Above-ground jet pumps are noisier than submersible pumps, which operate silently underwater.
Priming
Jet pumps are prone to losing prime, requiring frequent repriming. Submersibles are always primed.
Depth Limitations
Jet pumps are limited in depth capacity (around 25 feet for standard, up to ~120 for deep well jets), while submersibles handle much deeper wells.
Contamination
Above-ground jet pumps are more vulnerable to surface contamination than sealed, submersible pumps.
While jet pumps have lower upfront costs, submersible pumps often offer better long-term value due to efficiency, quiet operation, reliability, and reduced contamination risk. Consult a well water professional to determine the best pump for your needs.
| Feature | Jet Pump | Submersible Pump |
|---|---|---|
| Efficiency | Lower, particularly in deeper wells | Higher, especially as well depth increases |
| Noise Level | Higher, due to above-ground motor | Lower, operates silently below ground |
| Priming | Prone to losing prime, requires regular checks | Self-priming, remains ready for use |
| Well Depth Capacity | Limited, typically up to 25 feet for standard, ~120 for deep well jets | Handles greater depths, suitable for deep wells |
| Contamination Risk | Higher potential for surface contamination | Lower risk, sealed unit submerged in the well |
| Initial Cost | Generally lower upfront | Typically higher initial investment |
| Long-Term Cost | Higher due to increased energy consumption | Lower due to energy efficiency |
By considering these factors, you can confidently choose the optimal well pump for your specific situation.
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